Guess what it was used for in the land of Upper and Lower Nile dwellers

 

Description

[edit]

The pyramid superstructure seem to have never been started, and the only information that can be determined from it is that the pyramid was planned larger than its southern neighbor, which has a side length of 52.5 m (172 ft).

Plan of the hypogeum

The hypogeum is similar to the one of the southern pyramid but much more tortuous, changing direction six times. The entrance is on the north side. From there, a staircase leads down to a square chamber and then to another staircase and to the first quartzite blocking. After that, two other chambers are connected by a passage with a second, still unsealed blocking. After the third chamber, a stairway and then a corridor leads to the antechamber just prior to the large burial chamber: this room, partially covered by an inverted V-shaped ceiling, is entirely filled by a huge sarcophagus-vault, which was carved from a single block of quartzite. The never-used sarcophagus lid, a 42-ton quartzite slab, still awaits to be fitted in the chamber. All exposed quartzite, which was built in the pyramid, had been painted with red paint and sometimes also decorated with vertical black stripes. The function of a large room behind the burial chamber remain unknown.^[4][5]

From the pyramid complex, the valley temple, the funerary temple and the enclosure walls had apparently left no traces. Only a large portion of the causeway has been discovered, as well as another blocking stone, likely abandoned due to a change of the pyramid's design.

Hints for free

Snow fences work by causing turbulence in the wind, such that it drops much of its snow load on the lee side of the fence. Thus, snow fences actually cause snow drifts, rather than preventing them. The fences are placed so as to cause snow to drift where it is beneficial, or not harmful so that the snow does not drift onto undesired areas such as roads or among buildings.

Nitrogen

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(Redirected from Nitrogen gas)

Nitrogen, ₇N

Liquid nitrogen (N2 at below −196 °C)
Nitrogen
Allotropes	see § Allotropes
Appearance	colorless gas, liquid or solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(N)
	[14.00643, 14.00728][1] 14.007±0.001 (abridged)[2]
Nitrogen in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ N ↓ P carbon ← nitrogen → oxygen
Atomic number (Z)	7
Group	group 15 (pnictogens)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell	2, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Melting point	(N2) 63.23[3] K ​(−209.86[3] °C, ​−345.75[3] °F)
Boiling point	(N2) 77.355 K ​(−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F)
Density (at STP)	1.2506 g/L[4] at 0 °C, 1013 mbar
when liquid (at b.p.)	0.808 g/cm3
Triple point	63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa
Critical point	126.21 K, 3.39 MPa
Heat of fusion	(N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation	(N2) 5.57 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0,[5] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.04
Ionisation energies	1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	71±1 pm
Van der Waals radius	155 pm
Spectral lines of nitrogen
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal (hP4)
Lattice constants	a = 411.6 pm c = 673.4 pm (at t.p.)[6]
Thermal conductivity	25.83×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Speed of sound	353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
CAS Number	17778-88-0 7727-37-9 (N2)
History
Discovery	Daniel Rutherford (1772)
Named by	Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
Isotopes of nitrogen v e
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 13N trace 9.965 min β+ 13C 14N 99.6% stable 15N 0.4% stable 16N synth 7.13 s β− 16O β−α<0.01% 12C
Category: Nitrogen view talk edit  | references

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N₂, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas. N₂ forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth.

It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish at about the same time. The name nitrogène was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name azote, from the Ancient Greek: ἀζωτικός "no life", as it is an asphyxiant gas; this name is used in a number of languages, and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azides and azo compounds.

Elemental nitrogen is usually produced from air by pressure swing adsorption technology. About 2/3 of commercially produced elemental nitrogen is used as an inert (oxygen-free) gas for commercial uses such as food packaging, and much of the rest is used as liquid nitrogen in cryogenic applications. Many industrially important compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates (propellants and explosives), and cyanides, contain nitrogen. The extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen (N≡N), the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO),^[7] dominates nitrogen chemistry. This causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting N₂ into useful compounds, but at the same time it means that burning, exploding, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas releases large amounts of often useful energy. Synthetically produced ammonia and nitrates are key industrial fertilisers, and fertiliser nitrates are key pollutants in the eutrophication of water systems. Apart from its use in fertilisers and energy stores, nitrogen is a constituent of organic compounds as diverse as aramids used in high-strength fabric and cyanoacrylate used in superglue.

Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins), in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and in the energy transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate. The human body contains about 3% nitrogen by mass, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere. Nitrogen is a constituent of every major pharmacological drug class, including antibiotics. Many drugs are mimics or prodrugs of natural nitrogen-containing signal molecules: for example, the organic nitrates nitroglycerin and nitroprusside control blood pressure by metabolizing into nitric oxide. Many notable nitrogen-containing drugs, such as the natural caffeine and morphine or the synthetic amphetamines, act on receptors of animal neurotransmitters.

Snow aka water at a 

turbulent state and a

solid ic crystal stage

as it falls from the pool

of water that birthed each drop

but not its entire content

as the magic magnetic moment

perfected over in ch Σs of scraping

along the surface of the earth

collecting dirt water frogs

seeds

forming a pool often called a cloud

because look at that lake in the sky 

would scare too many drivers and cause

more than the already absurd number of 

automobile accidents that occur daily

The lake in the sky is magnetically aligned

with the surface of the earth below which 

tends to follow the charge pattern

suggested by light

being more positively off at night out of the light

and more negatively on during the electron poke 

where the sun reaches out to the earth with tree

finger tips

the pinky touches the western edge where 

last night is being greeted with the proper

tea position for any well bred pinky

The two middle fingers

find some raspy edge to get a little

 fric t ion

going eastward where

the index finger is pointing to tomorrow

the day that began last yesterday

and never arrives as the 

busy are too busy being

 where now

know here

there is the rub where the hot hot

sun with a finger pretending to be a gun

spills the beans as the attractive day

pushed along by two to the left

likes the message in the massage and

is ready for bed two by to

then as the world turns

the 24000 mile arc

of now is tickled at

the edges into

a state of ticked pink

when

sooner and

later

where as the orb or b its itself

round at 1000 mph

the atmost 240,000 miles of 

layered spheres arranged

magneto matic ally holding 

releasing gathering up

reaping sowing

sweeping

sleeping

water into the cloud

formations which are glasses of water

waiting for a glass

to fill

a nor th west aligned 

toroidal cylinder

crossing Sou th East laminate layers

Positively holding the water

like any young child must 

wait

in

g 

for the next stop

when suddenlYY 

ZYZ

   ZYz

      YZYZ

xyxyxyxyxyxyxyxyxyxyxyxYZ

YZ

YZ

YZYZ

YZY

ZyZyzYzYZYZYZYzyZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZYZY

Electrons are ripped from balanced

orbits 

creating

a Pool of

Negative charge

 Masquerading a the waiting water

until Wala

the magnetic moment holding the

water in suspension

above the 

Positive

ly beautiful

flowing green

pasture

below

Porosity

[edit]

The term molecular sieve refers to a particular property of these materials, i.e., the ability to selectively sort molecules based primarily on a size exclusion process. This is due to a very regular pore structure of molecular dimensions. The maximum size of the molecular or ionic species that can enter the pores of a zeolite is controlled by the dimensions of the channels. These are conventionally defined by the ring size of the aperture, where, for example, the term "eight-ring" refers to a closed-loop that is built from eight tetrahedrally coordinated silicon (or aluminium) atoms and eight oxygen atoms. These rings are not always perfectly symmetrical due to a variety of causes, including strain induced by the bonding between units that are needed to produce the overall structure or coordination of some of the oxygen atoms of the rings to cations within the structure. Therefore, the pores in many zeolites are not cylindrical.

pumped up after a day of absorbing

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. It operates at near-ambient temperature and significantly differs from the cryogenic distillation commonly used to separate gases. Selective adsorbent materials (e.g., zeolites, (aka molecular sieves), activated carbon, etc.) are used as trapping material, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure. The process then swings to low pressure to desorb the adsorbed gas.

Process[edit]

Animation of pressure swing adsorption, (1) and (2) showing alternating adsorption and desorption.

I	compressed air input		A	adsorption
O	oxygen output		D	desorption
E	exhaust

The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process is based on the phenomenon that under high pressure, gases tend to be trapped onto solid surfaces, i.e. to be "adsorbed". The higher the pressure, the more gas is adsorbed. When the pressure is dropped, the gas is released, or desorbed. PSA can be used to separate gases in a mixture because different gases are adsorbed onto a given solid surface more or less strongly. For example, if a gas mixture such as air is passed under pressure through a vessel containing an adsorbent bed of zeolite that attracts nitrogen more strongly than oxygen, a fraction of nitrogen will stay in the bed, and the gas exiting the vessel will be richer in oxygen than the mixture entering. When the bed reaches the limit of its capacity to adsorb nitrogen, it can be regenerated by decreasing the pressure, thus releasing the adsorbed nitrogen. It is then ready for another cycle of producing oxygen-enriched air.

Using two adsorbent vessels allows for near-continuous production of the target gas. It also allows a pressure equalisation, where the gas leaving the vessel being depressurised is used to partially pressurise the second vessel. This results in significant energy savings, and is a common industrial practice.

blue at the wavelength 432

with room for dessert as

Last call for

the day is

tipped by

a bell

in 

ΘηΣ

Δ

ΙΓΕΚ

Τ

ΙΟΝ

most casually known as down

leaving the snow where the farmer will

use the water when the water 

is in the 

coherent 4 degree

state of states

loose limber looking for love

Nirtogen has a frozen crystal to boiling cloud range of 15 degrees from 3

Nitrogen compounds have a very long history, ammonium chloride having been known to Herodotus. They were well-known by the Middle Ages. Alchemists knew nitric acid as aqua fortis (strong water), as well as other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium salts and nitrate salts. The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia (royal water), celebrated for its ability to dissolve gold, the king of metals.^[8]

and Joseph Priestley,^[14] who referred to it as burnt air or phlogisticated air. French chemist Antoine Lavoisier referred to nitrogen gas as "mephitic air" or azote, from the Greek word άζωτικός (azotikos), "no life", due to it being asphyxiant.^[15][16] In an atmosphere of pure nitrogen, animals died and flames were extinguished. Though Lavoisier's name was not accepted in English since it was pointed out that all gases but oxygen are either asphyxiant or outright toxic, it is used in many languages (French, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Russian, Albanian, Turkish, etc.; the German Stickstoff similarly refers to the same characteristic, viz. ersticken "to choke or suffocate") and still remains in English in the common names of many nitrogen compounds, such as hydrazine and compounds of the azide ion. Finally, it led to the name "pnictogens" for the group headed by nitrogen, from the Greek πνίγειν "to choke".^[8]

Ion-exchange, water purification and softening

[edit]

Zeolites are widely used as ion-exchange beds in domestic and commercial water purification, softening, and other applications.

Evidence for the oldest known zeolite water purification filtration system occurs in the undisturbed sediments of the Corriental reservoir at the Maya city of Tikal, in northern Guatemala.^[27]

Earlier, polyphosphates were used to soften hard water. The polyphosphates forms complex with metal ions like Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ to bind them up so that they could not interfere in cleaning process. However, when this phosphate rich water goes in main stream water, it results in eutrophication of water bodies and hence use of polyphosphate was replaced with use of a synthetic zeolite.

The largest single use for zeolite is the global laundry detergent market. Zeolites are used in laundry detergent as water softeners, removing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions which would otherwise precipitate from the solution. The ions are retained by the zeolites which releases Na⁺ ions into the solution, allowing the laundry detergent to be effective in areas with hard water.^[28]

Fractal Flow

Forms the ball that is pushed

by the kepher at sunrise

towards the sun

Ra
In one of his many forms, Ra, god of the Sun, has the head of a falcon and the sun-disk inside the Uraeus resting on his head.
Name in hieroglyphs	or or
Major cult center	Heliopolis but was worshipped everywhere in Ancient Egypt.
Symbol	Sun Disk
Genealogy
Parents	None (most accounts) Khnum and Neith (alternative sources) Hathor (In the cycle of rebirth) Mehet-Weret (some accounts)
Siblings	Apep, Sobek and Serket (as son of Khnum and Neith)
Consort	Hathor, Sekhmet, Bastet, Satet (in some myths)
Offspring	Shu, Tefnut, Hathor, Sekhmet, Mafdet, Bastet, Satet, Anhur, Ma'at, Mut
Equivalents
Greek equivalent	Helios[1]

the snake lives

at the horizon

coming to get itself

from the other end

In Greek mythology, Aether, Æther, Aither, or Ether (/ˈiːθər/; Ancient Greek: Αἰθήρ (Brightness)^[1] pronounced [ai̯tʰɛ̌ːr]) is the personification of the bright upper sky. According to Hesiod, he was the son of Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx (Night), and the brother of Hemera (Day).^[2] In Orphic cosmogony Aether was the offspring of Chronos (Time), and the brother of Chaos and Erebus.^[3]

Spectral lines of the chemical elements

Element	Z	Symbol	Spectral lines
hydrogen	1	H
helium	2	He
lithium	3	Li
beryllium	4	Be
boron	5	B
carbon	6	C
nitrogen	7	N
oxygen	8	O
fluorine	9	F
neon	10	Ne
sodium	11	Na
magnesium	12	Mg
aluminium	13	Al
silicon	14	Si
phosphorus	15	P
sulfur	16	S
chlorine	17	Cl
argon	18	Ar
potassium	19	K
calcium	20	Ca
scandium	21	Sc
titanium	22	Ti
vanadium	23	V
chromium	24	Cr
manganese	25	Mn
iron	26	Fe
cobalt	27	Co
nickel	28	Ni
copper	29	Cu
zinc	30	Zn
gallium	31	Ga
germanium	32	Ge
arsenic	33	As
selenium	34	Se
bromine	35	Br
krypton	36	Kr
rubidium	37	Rb
strontium	38	Sr
yttrium	39	Y
zirconium	40	Zr
niobium	41	Nb
molybdenum	42	Mo
technetium	43	Tc
ruthenium	44	Ru
rhodium	45	Rh
palladium	46	Pd
silver	47	Ag
cadmium	48	Cd
indium	49	In
tin	50	Sn
antimony	51	Sb
tellurium	52	Te
iodine	53	I
xenon	54	Xe
caesium	55	Cs
barium	56	Ba
lanthanum	57	La
cerium	58	Ce
praseodymium	59	Pr
neodymium	60	Nd
promethium	61	Pm
samarium	62	Sm
europium	63	Eu
gadolinium	64	Gd
terbium	65	Tb
dysprosium	66	Dy
holmium	67	Ho
erbium	68	Er
thulium	69	Tm
ytterbium	70	Yb
lutetium	71	Lu
hafnium	72	Hf
tantalum	73	Ta
tungsten	74	W
rhenium	75	Re
osmium	76	Os
iridium	77	Ir
platinum	78	Pt
gold	79	Au
mercury	80	Hg
thallium	81	Tl
lead	82	Pb
bismuth	83	Bi
polonium	84	Po
astatine	85	At
radon	86	Rn
francium	87	Fr
radium	88	Ra
actinium	89	Ac
thorium	90	Th
protactinium	91	Pa
uranium	92	U
neptunium	93	Np
plutonium	94	Pu
americium	95	Am
curium	96	Cm
berkelium	97	Bk
californium	98	Cf
einsteinium	99	Es